San Cristobal Bridge - Revision history

Sakowski at 00:19, 10 February 2022

2022-02-10T00:19:50Z

Sakowski at 00:19, 10 February 2022

2022-02-10T00:19:07Z

Sakowski at 00:14, 10 February 2022

2022-02-10T00:14:59Z

Sakowski at 04:17, 13 August 2019

2019-08-13T04:17:25Z

Sakowski at 01:01, 7 March 2018

2018-03-07T01:01:24Z

Sakowski at 01:00, 7 March 2018

2018-03-07T01:00:28Z

Sakowski at 23:39, 30 January 2018

2018-01-30T23:39:45Z

Sakowski: Created page with "
San Cristóbal Bridge
Puente San Cristóbal
Ajtectic, Chiapas, Mexico
656 feet high / 200 meters high
5..."

2018-01-10T01:04:25Z

Created page with "<div style="font-size: 25px; text-align: center;"> San Cristóbal Bridge<br /> Puente San Cristóbal<br /> Ajtectic, Chiapas, Mexico<br /> 656 feet high / 200 meters high<br /> 5..."

New page

<div style="font-size: 25px; text-align: center;">
San Cristóbal Bridge<br />
Puente San Cristóbal<br />
Ajtectic, Chiapas, Mexico<br />
656 feet high / 200 meters high<br />
584 foot span / 178 meter span<br />
2006<br />
[[File:6CristobalPuente.jpg|750px|center]]
</div>

Currently the 2nd highest bridge in Mexico, the Puente San Cristóbal crosses a deep crevasse on the new San Cristóbal-Tuxtla Gutiérrez highway that finally opened in 2006. Connecting Tuxtla Gutiérrez with San Cristóbal de las Casas in Mexico’s southern state of Chiapas, the modern 2-lane toll expressway bypassed a winding mountain road of tight curves and endless switchbacks. The bridge earned a permanent place in the Mexican engineering history books when half of the main span box beam completely collapsed into the canyon on October 24, 2004 during the final phase of its construction.

The superstructure of the San Cristóbal bridge consists of three spans of 238 feet (72.53 mtrs), 584 feet (177.94 mtrs) and 238 feet (72.53 mtrs). Two concrete piers approximately 200 feet (61 mtrs) high support the roadway. The road has a 10 percent bank as it curves 656 feet (200 mtrs) above the Arroyo Chentic. The central 331 feet (101 mtrs) of the main span is composed of a steel orthotropic deck while the rest of the main span and the side spans decks are made of a prestressed concrete slab. With no ground available to put up temporary falsework, engineers had to build the main span by cantilevering the two 295 foot (90 mtr) halves out from the piers. Beam bridges are always at their most vulnerable just before the two halves are closed in the center when the bending forces are at their greatest. A continuous curve only complicates things further since the span is more likely to twist or bend sideways as construction progresses. According to the official accident report, a horizontal displacement of 20 centimeters combined with an earthquake of 4.0 created vibrations and movement strong enough to bend the incomplete span and that neither the designers or the construction team was at fault.

Whatever the reasons for its collapse, the entire structure was rebuilt and after a delay of more than a year, opened in May of 2006. The completed San Cristóbal bridge is designed to handle earthquakes as strong as 8.0. The subtle curve and clean lines of the graceful bridge are accentuated by 6 rows of horizontal flanges that run alongside the green box girder. Puente San Cristóbal will remain the highest bridge in Mexico until 2012 when it is surpassed by 2 bridges: The Baluarte and San Marcos bridges.

<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
[[File:CristobalElev.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
San Cristóbal Bridge Elevation<br />
</div>

[[File:1SanCristobalSEC.jpg|750px|center]]

[[File:2CristobalInaug.jpg|750px|center]]
Former President Vicente Fox attends the San Cristóbal bridge inauguration in 2006.

[[File:3CristobalPuente2.jpg|600px|center]]
West side tower damage from the collapsed main span.

[[File:4SanCristobalPuenteBridge.jpg|630px|center]]

[[File:5SanCristobalPuente.jpg|750px|center]]

[[File:7Cristobal.jpg|530px|center]]

[[File:8CristobalBridge.jpg|750px|center]]

[[File:CristobalAerial.jpg|750px|center]]
San Cristóbal bridge satellite image taken during construction.

[[File:SanCristobalSatellite.jpg|750px|center]]
A satellite image after the bridge was complete.

[[File:SanCristobalOrthotropicTransverse.jpg|750px|center]]

[[File:SanCristobalConcreteTransverse.jpg|750px|center]]

[[Category:Bridges in Mexico]]
[[Category:Bridges in Chiapas, Mexico]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:19, 10 February 2022
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	[[File:SanCristobalSatellite.jpg\|750px\|center]]		[[File:SanCristobalSatellite.jpg\|750px\|center]]
−	~~A satellite image after the bridge was complete.~~

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 [[File:8CristobalBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
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-[[File:SanCristobalDeckComponents.jpg|750px|center]]
+[[File:CristobalSatelliteWide.jpg|750px|center]]
 [[Category:Bridges in Mexico]]
 [[Category:Bridges in Chiapas, Mexico]]

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 <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
-[[File:SanCristobalElevationFinal.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
+[[File:SanCristobalElevationFinal.jpg|900px|center]]<br />
 San Cristóbal Bridge Elevation<br />
 </div>

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:01, 7 March 2018
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−	[[File:SanCristobalPlan.jpg\|~~750px~~\|center]]	+	[[File:SanCristobalPlan.jpg\|900px\|center]]
−	~~San Cristóbal Bridge Plan<br />~~

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 [[File:SanCristobalConcreteTransverse.jpg|750px|center]]
 [[File:CristobalAerial.jpg|750px|center]]
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 [[File:CristobalSatelliteWide.jpg|750px|center]]
 [[Category:Bridges in Mexico]]
 [[Category:Bridges in Chiapas, Mexico]]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
-[[File:CristobalElev.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
+[[File:SanCristobalElevationFinal.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
 San Cristóbal Bridge Elevation<br />
 </div>
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 [[File:3CristobalPuente2.jpg|600px|center]]
 West side tower damage from the collapsed main span.
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 [[File:SanCristobalSatellite.jpg|750px|center]]
 A satellite image after the bridge was complete.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Puente San Cristóbal<br />
 Ajtectic, Chiapas, Mexico<br />
-feet high / 200 meters high<br />
+feet high / 190 meters high<br />
 foot span / 178 meter span<br />
 <br />
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
-Currently the 2nd highest bridge in Mexico, the Puente San Cristóbal crosses a deep crevasse on the new San Cristóbal-Tuxtla Gutiérrez highway that finally opened in 2006.  Connecting Tuxtla Gutiérrez with San Cristóbal de las Casas in Mexico’s southern state of Chiapas, the modern 2-lane toll expressway bypassed a winding mountain road of tight curves and endless switchbacks.  The bridge earned a permanent place in the Mexican engineering history books when half of the main span box beam completely collapsed into the canyon on October 24, 2004 during the final phase of its construction.
+Currently the 4th highest bridge in Mexico, the Puente San Cristóbal crosses a deep crevasse on the new San Cristóbal-Tuxtla Gutiérrez highway that finally opened in 2006.  Connecting Tuxtla Gutiérrez with San Cristóbal de las Casas in Mexico’s southern state of Chiapas, the modern 2-lane toll expressway bypassed a winding mountain road of tight curves and endless switchbacks.  The bridge earned a permanent place in the Mexican engineering history books when half of the main span box beam completely collapsed into the canyon on October 24, 2004 during the final phase of its construction.
-The superstructure of the San Cristóbal bridge consists of three spans of 238 feet (72.53 mtrs), 584 feet (177.94 mtrs) and 238 feet (72.53 mtrs).  Two concrete piers approximately 200 feet (61 mtrs) high support the roadway.  The road has a 10 percent bank as it curves 656 feet (200 mtrs) above the Arroyo Chentic.  The central 331 feet (101 mtrs) of the main span is composed of a steel orthotropic deck while the rest of the main span and the side spans decks are made of a prestressed concrete slab.  With no ground available to put up temporary falsework, engineers had to build the main span by cantilevering the two 295 foot (90 mtr) halves out from the piers.  Beam bridges are always at their most vulnerable just before the two halves are closed in the center when the bending forces are at their greatest.  A continuous curve only complicates things further since the span is more likely to twist or bend sideways as construction progresses.  According to the official accident report, a horizontal displacement of 20 centimeters combined with an earthquake of 4.0 created vibrations and movement strong enough to bend the incomplete span and that neither the designers or the construction team was at fault.
+The superstructure of the San Cristóbal bridge consists of three spans of 238 feet (72.53 mtrs), 584 feet (177.94 mtrs) and 238 feet (72.53 mtrs).  Two concrete piers approximately 200 feet (61 mtrs) high support the roadway.  The road has a 10 percent bank as it curves 623 feet (190 mtrs) above the Arroyo Chentic.  The central 331 feet (101 mtrs) of the main span is composed of a steel orthotropic deck while the rest of the main span and the side spans decks are made of a prestressed concrete slab.  With no ground available to put up temporary falsework, engineers had to build the main span by cantilevering the two 295 foot (90 mtr) halves out from the piers.  Beam bridges are always at their most vulnerable just before the two halves are closed in the center when the bending forces are at their greatest.  A continuous curve only complicates things further since the span is more likely to twist or bend sideways as construction progresses.  According to the official accident report, a horizontal displacement of 20 centimeters combined with an earthquake of 4.0 created vibrations and movement strong enough to bend the incomplete span and that neither the designers or the construction team was at fault.
-Whatever the reasons for its collapse, the entire structure was rebuilt and after a delay of more than a year, opened in May of 2006.  The completed San Cristóbal bridge is designed to handle earthquakes as strong as 8.0.  The subtle curve and clean lines of the   graceful bridge are accentuated by 6 rows of horizontal flanges that run alongside the green box girder.  Puente San Cristóbal will remain the highest bridge in Mexico until 2012 when it is surpassed by 2 bridges: The Baluarte and San Marcos bridges.
+According to a paper by bridge engineers Marwan Nader, Rafael Manzanarez, Jack Lopez-Jara and Carlos De La Mora, the principal cause of the collapse was later identified as failure of the shear connectors in the concrete slab. This failure induced the loss of composite action and the collapse of the structure due to the lack of redundancy of the cantilever system. The shear failure of the shear studs was caused by their insufficient number and due to poor workmanship of the welds connecting them to the top flanges of the steel box girder.

San Cristobal Bridge - Revision history

Sakowski at 00:19, 10 February 2022

Sakowski at 00:19, 10 February 2022

Sakowski at 00:14, 10 February 2022

Sakowski at 04:17, 13 August 2019

Sakowski at 01:01, 7 March 2018

Sakowski at 01:00, 7 March 2018

Sakowski at 23:39, 30 January 2018

Sakowski: Created page with " San Cristóbal Bridge Puente San Cristóbal Ajtectic, Chiapas, Mexico 656 feet high / 200 meters high 5..."

Sakowski: Created page with "
San Cristóbal Bridge
Puente San Cristóbal
Ajtectic, Chiapas, Mexico
656 feet high / 200 meters high
5..."