Difference between revisions of "Navajo 1929 Bridge"

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(Created page with '<div style="font-size: 25px; text-align: center;"> Glen Canyon Dam Bridge<br /> Page, Arizona, United States<br /> 690 feet high / 210 meters high<br /> 1,028 foot span / 313 met…')
 
 
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<div style="font-size: 25px; text-align: center;">
 
<div style="font-size: 25px; text-align: center;">
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Glen Canyon Dam Bridge<br />
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Navajo 1929 Bridge<br />
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Page, Arizona, United States<br />
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Marble Canyon, Arizona, United States<br />
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690 feet high / 210 meters high<br />
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470 feet high / 143 meters high<br />
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1,028 foot span / 313 meter span<br />
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616 foot span / 188 meter span<br />
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1959<br />
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1929<br />
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[[File:4GlenCanyonFelicia Vereen.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:2NavajoBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
 
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</div>
  
  
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At the time of its completion in 1959, the Glen Canyon Dam bridge was the highest arch bridge in the world and the second highest bridge of any type.  50 years later it seems hard to believe that it no longer ranks even among the top 25 with a height of 690 feet (210 mtrs).  Crossing the Colorado river about 12 miles (20 km) east of Grand Canyon National Park, the bridge was a necessary component in the construction of the massive Glen Canyon Dam, a concrete gravity arch structure that is just as large as the much more famous Hoover Dam near Las Vegas.  Behind the Glen Canyon dam is Lake Powell, one of the largest reservoirs in the United States with a 1,900 mile (3,057 km) shoreline.  Construction of the dam began in 1956 and ended in 1963.
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Opened in 1929, the original Navajo bridge crosses 470 feet (143 mtrs) above the Colorado River.  The third highest bridge in North America at the time of its opening, the truss-arch bypassed nearby Lee’s Ferry and became the only road crossing of the river for hundreds of miles in either direction.  It was not until the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam bridge in 1959 that another route crossed the river within Northern Arizona.  The opening of the Navajo bridge changed the region forever as it allowed easier access to Grand Canyon National Park from Utah and points further north.  It also opened up the North Rim of the Grand Canyon to travelers from Arizona.
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The town of Page, Arizona was built to accommodate the huge influx of workers that were needed to build and maintain the dam.  With Page located on the south side of the river, the crossing made it easy to transport men and materials to the more remote north side.  Among arch bridges, Glen Canyon is the 8th highest in the world and the 3rd highest in North America after the Pat Tillman-Mike O’Callaghan Memorial / Hoover Dam Bypass bridge and the New River Gorge bridge.  With a span of 1,028 feet (313 mtrs), it is also one of North America’s longer steel arches.  
 
 
 
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To construct the bridge, two cableway towers were built on either side of the canyon rim 1,540 feet (470 mtrs) apart.  Sections of the bridge were lowered into place and then held back by steel tieback cables until the two sides of the arch could finally rest on each other high over the Colorado river.  The bridge was dedicated on February 20, 1959 and was the last link on a new segment of highway 89.  The total cost was just 5 million dollars.  
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The decision to cross the Colorado River just downstream of Lee’s Ferry was based less on location than engineering - the gorge was narrower here than at any other point in Arizona.  Components for the bridge were manufactured by the Kansas City Structural Steel Company from steel rolled by the Illinois Steel Company and shipped west by train.  The most difficult aspect of the construction was how to transport materials - including 12 ton pieces - by truck on roads that were often little more than trails.  The 130 mile (209 km) trip from the Flagstaff railroad station to the bridge site took between 13 and 20 hours.  The extreme depth of the canyon required the engineers to build the bridge by cantilevering the two halves of the bridge out from the rim of the canyon without the use of falsework.  This was done with a unique system of tiebacks and toggles that held each half of the bridge from falling into the gorge until the two halves could rest on each other at the crown.  A similar method was used for the construction of the first Giustina railway bridge in Italy.  Despite the great drop down to the Colorado River, a safety net of hemp rope was woven but never installed.
 
 
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During the dam’s 8 year construction period, a less known but equally spectacular suspension footbridge was built upstream of the construction site for workers to cross.  With a span of 1,280 feet (390 meters) and a height of 640 feet (195 mtrs), it is the largest and highest traditional, tower supported suspension footbridge ever built.  In 2006, the Kokonoe “Yume” Otsurihashi footbridge opened in Japan’s Oita Prefecture with a span of 1,280 feet (390 meters).  A more accurate conversion puts the Japanese bridge at 1,279.5276 feet - about 6 inches short of the defunct Arizona bridge!
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Although the bridge opened to traffic on January 12, 1929, the official opening ceremonies did not take place until June 14th and 15th.  Originally called the Grand Canyon bridge, it was not until January 1934 that the arch was renamed the Navajo bridge.  The narrow, 9 foot (2.7 mtr) wide lanes that were adequate in the 1930s became dangerous in later decades with frequent head on collisions occurring on the bridge.  In a period of just 13 years, 8 people were killed and many others were injured.  The 40 ton weight limitation was also becoming a problem and after several studies, it was decided to build a completely new span next to the old one.
 
 
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Another interesting “arch” in the region is the Rainbow bridge, one of the 10 largest natural bridges on earth.  Reachable by boat on Lake Powell or via a long hike with a permit, the massive sandstone structure is 290 feet (88 meters) high with a span of 234 feet (71 meters).  There are several natural arches that are higher and several that are longer but few have the perfect mixture of both that make Rainbow one of the most photogenic of all.  For those who want to know a lot more about the world’s greatest and highest natural bridges, be sure to check out the Natural Arch and Bridge Society’s web site at http://www.naturalarches.org/index.html.  
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Designed to look like the 1929 bridge, the new arch has 11 spandrel panels within the main span - the same as the original.  Since the 1995 span is 110 feet (33.5 mtrs) longer than the 1929 span, each panel is 33 feet (10 mtrs) instead of 28 feet (8.5 mtrs).  Despite the increase in span length, the 1995 arch rises the same 90 feet (27.5 mtrs) as the older bridge to make the newer span appear to be the same size.  The new Navajo crossing also included new approaches with wider curves and an interpretive center on the north rim.  To preserve the cliffs and river banks, rock excavated from the rim could not fall into the canyon and had to be completely removed.  The total cost of the entire bridge project was 14.7 million - more than 30 times as much as the original 1929 bridge which only cost 390 thousand dollars. Luckily for bridge fans, the older span was retained as a footbridge. Designated an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, it is now the highest pedestrian-only bridge in North America. If you consider the nearby 720 foot (219 mtr) high Grand Canyon West Skywalk to be a bridge then Navajo is the second highest among all North American footbridges.
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
 
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
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[[File:GlenCanyonElevFinal.jpg|1000px|center]]<br />
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[[File:NavajoOldElev.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
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Glen Canyon Dam Bridge Elevation<br />
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Navajo 1929 Bridge Elevation<br />
 
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[[File:1GlenCanyonAZHwys.jpg|650px|center]]
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[[File:1NavajoBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
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An aerial construction view showing the massive dam thrust blocks that have been carved out of the left and right side walls of the Colorado River canyon. Image by Arizona Highways magazine.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
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[[File:NavajoNewElevFinal.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
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Navajo 1995 Bridge Elevation<br />
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</div>
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[[File:NavajoBridge182.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:3Navajo.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:6NavajoBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:8NavajoBridge.jpg|450px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
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[[File:NavajoOldandNew.jpg|530px|center]]<br />
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Navajo Bridges Direct Size Comparison<br />
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</div>
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[[File:11NavajoBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:12NavajoBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:13NavajoBridge.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:14NavajoBridge.jpg|450px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge185.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge136.jpg|450px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:16OldNavajoPostcard.jpg|420px|center]]
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Navajo Bridge postcard.
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[[File:17NavajoHaer.jpg|560px|center]]
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Navajo Bridge image by HAER.
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[[File:18NavajoHaer.jpg|750px|center]]
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Navajo Bridge image by HAER.
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[[File:19NavajoHaer.jpg|750px|center]]
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Navajo Bridge image by HAER.
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[[File:21Navajo.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:20NavajoBridgeScrew.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge100.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge101.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge102.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:2GlenCanyonArizonaHwy.jpg|650px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge103.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Arizona Highways magazine.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:3GlenCanyonFelicia_Vereen.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge104.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Felicia Vereen.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:4GlenCanyonFelicia_Vereen.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge105.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Felicia Vereen.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:5GlenCanyonPostcard.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge106.jpg|750px|center]]
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Glen Canyon Dam Bridge postcard.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:6GlenCanyonJimLindley.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge107.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Jim Lindley.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:7GlenCanyon.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge110.jpg|750px|center]]
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:8GlenCanyonBridge.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge111.jpg|750px|center]]
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:9GlenCanyonPostcard.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge112.jpg|750px|center]]
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Glen Canyon Dam Bridge postcard.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:10GlenCanyonPostcard.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge114.jpg|750px|center]]
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Glen Canyon Dam Bridge postcard view showing the canyon wall prepared for the construction of the dam.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:11GlenCanyon.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge116.jpg|450px|center]]
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:12GlenCanyon.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge118.jpg|750px|center]]
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
 
Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:13GlenCanyonEricNils.jpg|600px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge119.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Nils.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:GlenCanyonAerial.jpg|1000px|center]]
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[[File:NavajoBridge121.jpg|750px|center]]
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Glen Canyon Dam and Bridge satellite aerial.
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge122.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
 
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
 
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 25px;">
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Highest Colorado River Arch Bridges
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[[File:NavajoOldWSupports.jpg|750px|center]]<br />
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[[File:HooverDamGlenCanyonNavajo.jpg|1000px|center]]<br />
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Navajo 1929 Bridge Elevation with additional supports<br />
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Navajo, Mike O'Callaghan-Pat Tilman and Glen Canyon Dam Bridge size comparison<br />
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
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Navajo is 470 feet (143 meters) high.   Mike O'Callaghan-Pat Tilman is 890 feet (271 mtrs) high. Glen Canyon Dam is 690 feet (210 mtrs) high.
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Additional supports were added sometime later to the approach spans to handle heavier vehicles.
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[[File:NavajoBridge143.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge145.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge146.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge123.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge124.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge125.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge126.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge127.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge128.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge130.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge131.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge133.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge135.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
  
  
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[[File:NavajoBridge137.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge138.jpg|450px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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[[File:NavajoBridge141.jpg|750px|center]]
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Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com
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<div style="text-align: center; border: 1px LightSkyBlue; background: LightSkyBlue; margin: 5px;">
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This entry has 2 pages: [[Navajo 1929 Bridge|1]] | [[Navajo 1929 Bridge/Page 2|2]]</div>
 
[[Category:Bridges in United States]]
 
[[Category:Bridges in United States]]
 
[[Category:Bridges in Arizona, United States]]
 
[[Category:Bridges in Arizona, United States]]

Latest revision as of 22:02, 4 December 2010

Navajo 1929 Bridge
Marble Canyon, Arizona, United States
470 feet high / 143 meters high
616 foot span / 188 meter span
1929

2NavajoBridge.jpg


Opened in 1929, the original Navajo bridge crosses 470 feet (143 mtrs) above the Colorado River. The third highest bridge in North America at the time of its opening, the truss-arch bypassed nearby Lee’s Ferry and became the only road crossing of the river for hundreds of miles in either direction. It was not until the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam bridge in 1959 that another route crossed the river within Northern Arizona. The opening of the Navajo bridge changed the region forever as it allowed easier access to Grand Canyon National Park from Utah and points further north. It also opened up the North Rim of the Grand Canyon to travelers from Arizona.

The decision to cross the Colorado River just downstream of Lee’s Ferry was based less on location than engineering - the gorge was narrower here than at any other point in Arizona. Components for the bridge were manufactured by the Kansas City Structural Steel Company from steel rolled by the Illinois Steel Company and shipped west by train. The most difficult aspect of the construction was how to transport materials - including 12 ton pieces - by truck on roads that were often little more than trails. The 130 mile (209 km) trip from the Flagstaff railroad station to the bridge site took between 13 and 20 hours. The extreme depth of the canyon required the engineers to build the bridge by cantilevering the two halves of the bridge out from the rim of the canyon without the use of falsework. This was done with a unique system of tiebacks and toggles that held each half of the bridge from falling into the gorge until the two halves could rest on each other at the crown. A similar method was used for the construction of the first Giustina railway bridge in Italy. Despite the great drop down to the Colorado River, a safety net of hemp rope was woven but never installed.

Although the bridge opened to traffic on January 12, 1929, the official opening ceremonies did not take place until June 14th and 15th. Originally called the Grand Canyon bridge, it was not until January 1934 that the arch was renamed the Navajo bridge. The narrow, 9 foot (2.7 mtr) wide lanes that were adequate in the 1930s became dangerous in later decades with frequent head on collisions occurring on the bridge. In a period of just 13 years, 8 people were killed and many others were injured. The 40 ton weight limitation was also becoming a problem and after several studies, it was decided to build a completely new span next to the old one.

Designed to look like the 1929 bridge, the new arch has 11 spandrel panels within the main span - the same as the original. Since the 1995 span is 110 feet (33.5 mtrs) longer than the 1929 span, each panel is 33 feet (10 mtrs) instead of 28 feet (8.5 mtrs). Despite the increase in span length, the 1995 arch rises the same 90 feet (27.5 mtrs) as the older bridge to make the newer span appear to be the same size. The new Navajo crossing also included new approaches with wider curves and an interpretive center on the north rim. To preserve the cliffs and river banks, rock excavated from the rim could not fall into the canyon and had to be completely removed. The total cost of the entire bridge project was 14.7 million - more than 30 times as much as the original 1929 bridge which only cost 390 thousand dollars. Luckily for bridge fans, the older span was retained as a footbridge. Designated an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, it is now the highest pedestrian-only bridge in North America. If you consider the nearby 720 foot (219 mtr) high Grand Canyon West Skywalk to be a bridge then Navajo is the second highest among all North American footbridges.


NavajoOldElev.jpg

Navajo 1929 Bridge Elevation


1NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoNewElevFinal.jpg

Navajo 1995 Bridge Elevation


NavajoBridge182.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


3Navajo.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


6NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


8NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoOldandNew.jpg

Navajo Bridges Direct Size Comparison


11NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


12NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


13NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


14NavajoBridge.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge185.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge136.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


16OldNavajoPostcard.jpg

Navajo Bridge postcard.


17NavajoHaer.jpg

Navajo Bridge image by HAER.


18NavajoHaer.jpg

Navajo Bridge image by HAER.


19NavajoHaer.jpg

Navajo Bridge image by HAER.


21Navajo.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


20NavajoBridgeScrew.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge100.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge101.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge102.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge103.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge104.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge105.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge106.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge107.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge110.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge111.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge112.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge114.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge116.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge118.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge119.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge121.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge122.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoOldWSupports.jpg

Navajo 1929 Bridge Elevation with additional supports

Additional supports were added sometime later to the approach spans to handle heavier vehicles.


NavajoBridge143.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge145.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge146.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge123.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge124.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge125.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge126.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge127.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge128.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge130.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge131.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge133.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge135.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge137.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge138.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com


NavajoBridge141.jpg

Image by Eric Sakowski / HighestBridges.com

This entry has 2 pages: 1 | 2
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